The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) States have over the decades proved to be dependable partners in India’s energy security. However, the energy transition necessitates examining its impact on the India-GCC energy partnership. Will India-GCC energy partnership last the transition from hydrocarbons to renewables? What will be its medium- and long-term impact? Can hydrogen replace hydrocarbons as the vehicle for India-GCC energy cooperation? This article answers some of these questions based on a systematic study of innovation in the field of hydrogen as a fuel, India’s National Green Hydrogen Mission and the growing investments in capacity building in hydrogen production in the GCC States.